Oil Painting Mediums: What to Know

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Oil painting mediums play a vital role in altering the properties of paint. Notably, these additives serve multiple purposes, such as thinning oil paint, adjusting its drying time, enhancing flow, and increasing its gloss and transparency. Among the most common oil painting mediums are linseed oil, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) and turpentine. Additionally, alkyd mediums like Liquin, which are synthetic mediums made with resin, can be considered.

Steven Walker, featured instructor of our upcoming workshop series, Artists Classroom, offers this recommendation for oil painters looking for a safe, balanced, and effective painting medium.

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What to Look for in a Painting Medium

When it comes to selecting the right painting medium, there are three qualities he looks for:

1

Viscosity: This is a term used to describe the thickness or consistency of a liquid, including oil painting mediums. When an oil painting medium has low viscosity, it is relatively thin and flows easily, resulting in smoother brushstrokes and a more fluid application of paint. On the other hand, a medium with high viscosity is thicker and tends to have a more buttery or paste-like consistency. This can lead to more pronounced brush marks and a stiffer texture in the painted surface.

If you want the paint to flow more smoothly and have a longer working time, consider a medium with lower viscosity. Conversely, a higher viscosity medium might be best to create more textured and impasto effect.

2

Drying Time: Oil painting mediums can affect the drying time of the paint into which it’s mixed. The type and amount of oil used in the medium significantly impact drying time. Some oils, like linseed oil, tend to dry faster, while others, like walnut oil, dry more slowly. Some mediums contain additives or drying agents that can accelerate or slow down the drying process. For instance, cobalt driers are commonly added to speed up drying, while certain resins or waxes may slow it down. The specific formulation of the medium, including the ratio of oil to solvent or other additives, can affect the drying characteristics.

3

Sheen: An oil painting medium can also affect different the sheen on a painting’s surface, ranging from matte to glossy. This is primarily influenced by the type of oil used and the presence of certain additives. Some oils, like linseed oil, naturally dry to a glossy finish, while others, like walnut oil, result in a more satin or matte appearance. Linseed oil tends to enhance the natural vibrancy and luster of pigments, contributing to a glossier surface.

“It gives the paint great flow, speeds the drying time and leaves a sheen.”
-Steven Walker

Steven’s Recommendation

Gablin® Solvent-Free Fluid

Gamblin Solvent-Free Fluid is a medium designed to elevate the oil painting experience for artists while prioritizing their health and the environment. This solvent-free formula offers a safer alternative to traditional solvents, eliminating harmful fumes and toxic emissions. It’s designed to achieve smooth and seamless brushwork and to extend painting time without worrying about rapid drying. It also enhances the transparency and flow of colors. Cleanup happens with just soap and water, making it a practical and eco-conscious choice for artists looking for a sustainable and versatile medium.

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Do you work Gamblin Solvent-Free Fluid as a painting medium? Let us know what you think in the comments below!

Meet the Artist

Steven S. Walker, a seasoned artist with over two decades of experience, holds a bachelor’s degree in fine arts with a focus on illustration from Virginia Commonwealth University and a master’s degree in fine arts from Marywood University. He has participated in numerous local and national juried competitions, including those hosted by prestigious organizations like the Oil Painters of America and the Art Renewal Center. Steven’s talent has been acknowledged with awards, including a judge’s award from the editor of art collector magazine. With support from his wife and studio assistant/daughter, he continues to advance his career and is currently showcased in more than ten galleries nationwide.